Comparative analysis of muscle synergies in gait of stroke patients and healthy controls

Komaris, DS, Tsaopoulos, D, Risvas, K, Nikolopoulos, S, Baltzopoulos, V ORCID: 0000-0003-2050-9501, Maganaris, C ORCID: 0000-0002-1786-8047 and Kompatsiaris, I (2025) Comparative analysis of muscle synergies in gait of stroke patients and healthy controls. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 19.

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Abstract

Introduction: This study analyzed muscle synergies in subacute stroke patients’ gait, comparing paretic and non-paretic limbs with healthy individuals, and explored the structure and temporal activation of synergistic muscle activation patterns. Methods: Muscle synergies were computed from EMG data of 12 muscles in 138 able-bodied adults and 50 stroke survivors using non-negative matrix factorization, analyzing 350 control strides, 319 paretic strides, and 337 non-paretic strides. Temporal activation coefficients of the muscle synergies between groups of strides were also compared using cross-correlation analysis. Results: The extracted muscle synergies were consistent in composition across all groups of control and stroke subjects, with four synergies identified in gait cycles on average. The comparison of the synergies’ temporal activation returned indexes (r) ranging from 0.60 to 0.74, with differences existing in the duration and timing of the activations of the hip flexors and knee extensors, dorsal flexors, and plantar flexors. Discussion: Our findings suggest a certain degree of preserved motor function in stroke patients’ gait, even in the presence of recent hemiparesis, but with evident alterations in the synergies’ temporal activation. Stroke rehabilitation by targeting abnormal muscle synergy activations may help shape personalized treatment plans.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; 5202 Biological Psychology; 5204 Cognitive and Computational Psychology; 3209 Neurosciences; 52 Psychology; Rehabilitation; Brain Disorders; Physical Rehabilitation; Aging; Neurosciences; Cerebrovascular; Stroke; Clinical Research; 1109 Neurosciences; 1701 Psychology; 1702 Cognitive Sciences; Experimental Psychology; 3209 Neurosciences; 5202 Biological psychology; 5204 Cognitive and computational psychology
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
Date of acceptance:	26 June 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	12 August 2025
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2025 14:11
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2025 14:15
DOI or ID number:	10.3389/fnhum.2025.1601147
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26925

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