New measurements of digital technology use: the Immersion in Digital Life and Quality of Digital Experience scales

Witowska, J, Ogden, R ORCID: 0000-0002-0931-1986, Schoetensack, C, Goncikowska, K, Wittmann, M, Černohorská, V, Codina, N, Martin-Soelch, C, Fernández Boente, M, Giner, G, Pestana, JV and Papastamatelou, J (2025) New measurements of digital technology use: the Immersion in Digital Life and Quality of Digital Experience scales. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16.

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Abstract

Introduction: Current methods of assessing digital technology use fail to adequately capture a holistic picture of how individuals experience digital technology during daily life. This is because current measures focus on measuring the frequency/duration of specific forms of technology use or problematic use. This research aimed to create two general measures of digital technology use and experience, respectively, which are flexible amid technological changes. Methods: The measured constructs were specified via bottom-up analysis of an international qualitative study (N=300) on post-covid digital practices. Across three studies we developed and validated the measures using data from 2227 participants. Results: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses indicated that the Quality of Digital Experience Scale contains 26 items, measuring individuals’ perceptions and overall experience of digital technology usage and its impact on Well-being, Time and Efficiency, and Social Connectedness. The second scale, the Immersion in Digital Life Scale consists of five separate questions concerning individuals’ estimation of how much digital technology is present in different areas of life. Discussion: The scales offer reliable measurements of individuals’ interactions with technology in the digital era. Their ability to capture engagement beyond frequency and duration will facilitate greater understanding of the complexities of the positive and negative impacts of digital practices on individuals and societies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	digital experience; digital technology; immersion; measurements; scale development; 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; 3202 Clinical Sciences; Bioengineering; 7.1 Individual care needs; Generic health relevance; 3 Good Health and Well Being; 1103 Clinical Sciences; 1117 Public Health and Health Services; 1701 Psychology; 3202 Clinical sciences
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions:	Psychology (from Sep 2019)
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
Date of acceptance:	3 June 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	28 August 2025
Date Deposited:	28 Aug 2025 08:45
Last Modified:	28 Aug 2025 08:45
DOI or ID number:	10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1595536
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27007

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