Biomass distribution of sympatric mammals in a European temperate forest

Pleskalt, A, Farias, S, Vicedo, T ORCID: 0009-0002-9107-826X, Álvarez-Martínez, JM, Roces-Díaz, JV, Meloro, C ORCID: 0000-0003-0175-1706, Pereira, S, Cruz, A, García, J, Gómez, P, Lamillar, MÁ, Marsella, E, Varas, MJ, Álvarez, E and Dalerum, F ORCID: 0000-0001-9737-8242 (2025) Biomass distribution of sympatric mammals in a European temperate forest. Royal Society Open Science, 12 (8).

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Abstract

The distribution of biomass among trophic levels and different types of organisms is a key characteristic of ecosystems. However, such biomass distributions might exhibit large perturbations owing to human activities. We used long-term camera trap data from a temperate forest ecosystem within the Cantabrian range, northern Spain, to quantify the biomass distribution of 10 mammal species ranging in body mass from 300 g to almost 100 kg. The species are representative of three distinct orders and include trophic levels from primary to secondary consumers. The observed biomass distribution was bottom-heavy with a disproportionally low biomass of secondary consumers, in particular large-bodied predators. In addition, the ratio of plant biomass to the biomass of mammalian primary consumers was over 6000: 1 for total above-ground-plant biomass and over 700: 1 for plant biomass available for mammal consumption. We suggest that the observed biomass distribution both among mammals and between mammals and plants provide an example of trophic downgrading, and highlight the radical effects human activities might have on the structure of terrestrial ecosystems.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biomass distribution; camera trapping; community ecology; occupancy models; temperate forest; trophic downgrading; 41 Environmental Sciences; 31 Biological Sciences; 3103 Ecology; 4104 Environmental Management; 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
Subjects:	Q Science > QL Zoology
Divisions:	Biological and Environmental Sciences (from Sep 19)
Publisher:	The Royal Society
Date of acceptance:	12 June 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	28 August 2025
Date Deposited:	28 Aug 2025 15:47
Last Modified:	28 Aug 2025 16:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1098/rsos.250472
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27015

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