The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: a lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction

Michel, PD ORCID: 0009-0005-9716-6502, Mazzali, PA ORCID: 0000-0001-6876-8284, Perley, DA ORCID: 0000-0001-8472-1996, Hinds, KR ORCID: 0000-0002-0129-806X and Wise, JL ORCID: 0000-0003-0733-2916 (2025) The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: a lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 539 (2). pp. 633-649. ISSN 0035-8711

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Abstract

SN 2023ixf is one of the brightest core collapse supernovae of the 21st century and offers a rare opportunity to investigate the late stage of a supernova through nebular phase spectroscopy. We present four nebular phase spectra from day +291 to +413 after explosion. This is supplemented with high-cadence early phase spectroscopic observations and photometry covering the first 500 d to investigate explosion parameters. The narrow and blueshifted nebular oxygen emission lines are used to infer an ejected oxygen mass of M, consistent with models of a relatively low mass (M) progenitor. An energy of 0.3- erg and a light curve powered by an initial Ni mass of M appear consistent with a relatively standard Type II explosion, while an incomplete -ray trapping (with time-scale of d) suggests a lower ejecta mass. Assuming a typical explosion, the broad hydrogen and calcium profiles suggest a common origin within a lower mass, partially stripped envelope. Hydrogen emission broadens with time, indicating contribution from an additional power source at an extended distance; while the emergence of high-velocity (6000 km s) hydrogen emission features (beginning around day +200) may be explained by shock interaction with a dense hydrogen-rich region located at cm. Such envelope mass-loss for a low-mass progenitor may be explained through theoretical models of binary interaction.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5109 Space Sciences; 51 Physical Sciences; 5101 Astronomical Sciences; 7 Affordable and Clean Energy; 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics; 5101 Astronomical sciences; 5107 Particle and high energy physics; 5109 Space sciences
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date of acceptance:	7 March 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	28 August 2025
Date Deposited:	28 Aug 2025 11:51
Last Modified:	28 Aug 2025 12:15
DOI or ID number:	10.1093/mnras/staf443
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27037

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