N-Methylpyridinium Porphyrin Complexes as Sensitizers for Sonodynamic Therapy Against Planktonic and Biofilm-Forming Multidrug-Resistant Microbes

Ziental, D ORCID: 0000-0002-4923-9982, Giuntini, F ORCID: 0000-0002-3444-8183, Wysocki, M ORCID: 0000-0003-3585-2716, Talarska-Kulczyk, P ORCID: 0000-0003-1305-0990, Kubicka, A ORCID: 0009-0003-4108-8328, Dlugaszewska, J ORCID: 0000-0002-2192-3715 and Sobotta, L ORCID: 0000-0002-5062-4503 (2025) N-Methylpyridinium Porphyrin Complexes as Sensitizers for Sonodynamic Therapy Against Planktonic and Biofilm-Forming Multidrug-Resistant Microbes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26 (14). pp. 1-13. ISSN 1661-6596

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Abstract

Porphyrins play an extremely important role in both photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). These techniques, which have a lot in common, are largely based on the interaction between the sensitizer and light or ultrasounds (US), respectively, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have the ability to destroy target cells. SDT requires the use of an appropriate frequency of US waves that are able to excite the chemical compound used. In this study, five porphyrin complexes were used: free-base meso-tetra(N-methyl-pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) and its transition metal complexes containing zinc(II), palladium(II), copper(II), and chloride-iron(II). The sonodynamic activity of these compounds was studied in vitro. The obtained results confirm the significant relationship between the chemical structure of the macrocycle and its stability and ability to generate ROS. The highest efficiency in ROS generation and high stability were demonstrated by non-metalated compound and its complex with zinc(II), while complex with copper(II), although less stable, were equally effective in terms of ROS production. Antibacterial activity tests showed the unique properties of the tested compounds, including a reduction in the number of both planktonic and biofilm antibiotic-resistant microorganisms above 5 log, which is rare among sonosensitizers.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Plankton; Biofilms; Reactive Oxygen Species; Porphyrins; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photochemotherapy; Ultrasonic Therapy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; MRSA; PDT; SDT; antibiotic resistance; porphyrins; Biofilms; Porphyrins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Photosensitizing Agents; Plankton; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Ultrasonic Therapy; Photochemotherapy; 3402 Inorganic Chemistry; 34 Chemical Sciences; Antimicrobial Resistance; Infectious Diseases; Biofilms; Porphyrins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Photosensitizing Agents; Plankton; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Ultrasonic Therapy; Photochemotherapy; 0399 Other Chemical Sciences; 0604 Genetics; 0699 Other Biological Sciences; Chemical Physics; 3101 Biochemistry and cell biology; 3107 Microbiology; 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	MDPI AG
Date of acceptance:	17 July 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	29 August 2025
Date Deposited:	29 Aug 2025 14:35
Last Modified:	29 Aug 2025 14:45
DOI or ID number:	10.3390/ijms26146949
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27058

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