Novel Microwave Sensor for Quality Assurance of Indoor Residual Spraying

Kot, P ORCID: 0000-0001-5526-7536, Muradov, M ORCID: 0000-0002-5526-632X, Shaw, A ORCID: 0000-0001-5961-2464, Mohi-Ud-Din, G, Karunamoothei, V, Deb, R, Ali, A, Sharma, S, Mishra, PK, Sinhad, B, Singh, RP, Hemingway, J and Coleman, M (2025) Novel Microwave Sensor for Quality Assurance of Indoor Residual Spraying. IEEE Sensors Letters, 9 (9). pp. 1-4. ISSN 2475-1472

Preview

Text Novel_Microwave_Sensor_for_Quality_Assurance_of_Indoor_Residual_Spraying.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (3MB) | Preview

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases, such as visceral leishmaniasis or malaria, are a significant global burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries in regions with high parasite prevalence. Indoor residual spraying is one of the most effective control tools, if performed effectively. Current World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended quality assurance methods are costly, require skilled staff, and are time consuming. This letter presents the development of a novel microwave sensor for quality assurance of indoor residual spraying. The developed prototype was tested in controlled laboratory settings, and during two field studies conducted during dry and wet seasons in Bihar, India. The results demonstrated the potential of a rapid, nondestructive microwave sensor system for detecting alpha-cypermethrin residues, offering an improvement over current quality assurance methods. The sensor achieved high cross-validation accuracy in controlled laboratory settings (mean 100%, standard deviation 0%), while the performance in the field studies was reduced (mean 84.63%, standard deviation 1.98%) due to real-world complexities. Future development steps will include the miniaturization of the sensor system and the implementation of advanced signal processing techniques to reduce noise and compensate for environmental effects.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	40 Engineering; 4009 Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware; Infectious Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases; Infection; 3 Good Health and Well Being; 4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Divisions:	Civil Engineering and Built Environment
Publisher:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date of acceptance:	1 August 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	18 September 2025
Date Deposited:	18 Sep 2025 09:50
Last Modified:	18 Sep 2025 10:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1109/LSENS.2025.3599278
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27175

View Item