Expectations, Experiences and Contexts of European Midwives Pursuing a Doctoral Degree: A Twenty-Three-Country Exploratory Survey

Vermeulen, J ORCID: 0000-0002-9568-3208, Luyben, A, O'Connell, R ORCID: 0000-0003-4525-2642, O'Connell, M, Vivilaki, V, McNeill, L, Sinclair, M, Fleming, V ORCID: 0000-0002-4672-4843 and Fobelets, M (2025) Expectations, Experiences and Contexts of European Midwives Pursuing a Doctoral Degree: A Twenty-Three-Country Exploratory Survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402

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Abstract

Background: Despite the increasing number of doctorally prepared midwives in Europe, particularly after the Bologna Declaration 1999, little is known about the context and experiences of their doctoral education. Aim: To explore European initially qualified midwives' experiences with doctoral education; and the context of their education through their professional associations. Design: An exploratory descriptive observational survey. Methods: An ethically approved web-based survey was used to collect data from midwifery associations and midwives in 33 European countries between October and December 2024. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis were used to analyse the responses. Results: Twenty-two midwifery associations from 19 European countries and 207 midwives from 23 European countries participated. Over the last two decades, there has been an increase in the number of doctorally prepared midwives. Common reasons to gain doctoral qualifications included an interest in research, career progression, in particular in education, and improving healthcare. Midwives reported growing availability of European-wide opportunities for doctoral programmes, alongside an increase in the number of doctoral midwifery programmes and supervisors with midwifery expertise. Although many barriers were reported, effectively combining study with their personal life and support from family, friends and colleagues was highlighted as crucial factors in completing their doctoral studies. Conclusion: This is the first study exploring the experiences of European midwives pursuing a doctoral degree. The findings highlight a need for universities to improve the collaboration with midwives' supportive networks as well as for the profession to reduce intraprofessional hostilities to enhance doctoral midwifery students' well-being. Implications for the profession: Acknowledging challenges faced by these midwives is necessary to improve professional and institutional support in academia and midwifery. Impact: Findings of this study inform strategies to improve doctoral education for midwives and, in this way, strengthen the contributions of midwives to maternal evidenced-based care development and healthcare innovations. Reporting Method: The Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) was used to guide reporting. Patient or Public Contribution: This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vermeulen, J., A. Luyben, R. O'Connell, et al. 2025. “ Expectations, Experiences and Contexts of European Midwives Pursuing a Doctoral Degree: A Twenty-Three-Country Exploratory Survey.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.70144., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.70144. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bologna Declaration; Europe; academia; combining work and family; doctoral study; maternity care; midwives; professional autonomy; professionalisation; 4204 Midwifery; 4205 Nursing; 42 Health Sciences; 4 Quality Education; 1110 Nursing; Nursing; 4204 Midwifery; 4205 Nursing
Subjects:	L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB2300 Higher Education R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RT Nursing
Divisions:	Public and Allied Health
Publisher:	Wiley
Date of acceptance:	2 August 2025
Date Deposited:	09 Oct 2025 10:58
Last Modified:	09 Oct 2025 11:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1111/jan.70144
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27302

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