Evidence for health promotion interventions to improve cognitive and physical functioning outcomes in older adults with MCI: A state-of-the-art review

Rookes, TA, Frost, R ORCID: 0000-0003-3523-0052, Marston, L, Armstrong, M, Barrado-Martin, Y and Walters, K (2025) Evidence for health promotion interventions to improve cognitive and physical functioning outcomes in older adults with MCI: A state-of-the-art review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 140. p. 106049. ISSN 0167-4943

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Health promotion activities for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may improve their overall health and prevent progression to dementia. We need to understand the best approaches to behaviour change in this population. AIM: To summarise the types of health promotion interventions and current clinical effectiveness evidence for physical and cognitive functioning outcomes in people with MCI. DESIGN: State-of-the art review METHOD: Medline was searched in April 2025, for systematic reviews synthesising randomised controlled trials testing effectiveness of health promotion interventions in older adults with MCI, published since 2015. Abstracts, titles, and full texts were single screened and, for eligible reviews, the characteristics, intervention type, primary outcome, and evidence for people with MCI, were extracted. Key messages were narratively synthesised across reviews, grouping by type of intervention and outcome measure. RESULTS: From 1776 titles and abstracts, 57 systematic reviews were eligible. Regular moderate intensity multicomponent physical exercise and memory-focussed cognitive training interventions had the strongest evidence base for improving cognitive functioning. However, combining physical exercise and cognitive training was more beneficial for cognitive domains and physical functioning, in comparison to doing them individually. The evidence for nutrition interventions was mixed. One review of psychological interventions showed improvements for wellbeing. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that health promotion interventions can support people with MCI and dementia to improve or maintain their cognitive function, through multicomponent physical activity combined with cognitive training. More evidence is needed for nutritional recommendations, psychological interventions, and social inclusion interventions.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Behaviour change; Health promotion; Mild cognitive impairment; State-of-the-art review; 4203 Health Services and Systems; 4206 Public Health; 42 Health Sciences; Dementia; Alzheimer's Disease; Neurodegenerative; Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Physical Activity; Acquired Cognitive Impairment; Rehabilitation; Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD); Prevention; Aging; Neurosciences; Brain Disorders; 6.6 Psychological and behavioural; 6.7 Physical; 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing; 3 Good Health and Well Being; 1103 Clinical Sciences; Geriatrics; 3202 Clinical sciences; 4206 Public health
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Divisions:	Public and Allied Health
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date of acceptance:	30 September 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	17 October 2025
Date Deposited:	17 Oct 2025 13:32
Last Modified:	17 Oct 2025 13:45
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.archger.2025.106049
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27370

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