Proper Name Recall as an Early Indicator of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

Mueller, K, Soldan, A, Langhough, R, Bruno, D ORCID: 0000-0003-1943-9905, Jauregi Zinkunegi, A ORCID: 0000-0003-1307-2989, Basche, K, Hale, M, He, D, Moghekar, A, Hermann, B, Albert, M and Pettigrew, C (2025) Proper Name Recall as an Early Indicator of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Alzheimer's Disease & Associated Disorders. ISSN 0893-0341

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Abstract

Background: Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is crucial; however, standard neuropsychological tests often lack sensitivity. Process scores, such as proper name (PN) recall from Logical Memory (LM), may improve the detection of AD-related biomarker positivity. We examined whether baseline PN recall predicted future cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40) and tau (pTau181) status, and whether biomarker status predicted PN recall trajectories.
Methods: We analyzed 271 cognitively unimpaired BIOCARD participants (mean age = 57.3, 60.3% female, mean follow-up = 15.5) using logistic regression and mixed-effects models to examine the associations between PN recall and CSF biomarkers.
Results: Higher baseline PN recall predicted lower amyloid positivity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, p = 0.015). Amyloid and tau positivity have been linked to a faster decline in PN. Biomarker-positive participants in the biomarker-negative group lacked practice effects.
Conclusions: PN recall predicts future AD biomarker positivity and may enhance early detection of AD-related cognitive decline.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders. The published version of record Mueller, Kimberly D. Soldan, Anja Langhough, Rebecca Bruno, Davide; Jauregi-Zinkunegi, Ainara Basche, Kristin Hale, Madeline R. He, Deling; Moghekar, Abhay Hermann, Bruce Albert, Marilyn Pettigrew, Corinne Proper Name Recall as an Early Indicator of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Pathology. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders ():10.1097/WAD.0000000000000695, November 10, 2025. DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000695 is available online at: https://journals.lww.com/alzheimerjournal/abstract/9900/proper_name_recall_as_an_early_indicator_of.174.aspx
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Divisions:	Psychology (from Sep 2019)
Publisher:	Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Date of acceptance:	22 September 2025
Date Deposited:	21 Nov 2025 15:38
Last Modified:	21 Nov 2025 15:45
DOI or ID number:	10.1097/WAD.0000000000000695
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27531

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