Serendipitous Discovery of a Faint Planetary Nebula in the Massive Young LMC Cluster NGC 1866

Bond, HE ORCID: 0000-0003-1377-7145, Bastian, N ORCID: 0000-0001-5679-4215, Bellini, A ORCID: 0000-0003-3858-637X, Kamann, S ORCID: 0000-0001-6604-0505, Libralato, M ORCID: 0000-0001-9673-7397, Niederhofer, F ORCID: 0000-0002-4341-9819, Roth, MM ORCID: 0000-0003-2451-739X and Soemitro, AA ORCID: 0000-0001-6213-4117 (2025) Serendipitous Discovery of a Faint Planetary Nebula in the Massive Young LMC Cluster NGC 1866. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 137 (11). p. 114202. ISSN 0004-6280

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Abstract

During an integral-field spectroscopic study of stars in the massive young open cluster NGC 1866 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, we serendipitously discovered a faint planetary nebula (PN). We designate it “Ka LMC 1,” and find that its location near the cluster center, along with the agreement of its radial velocity with that of the cluster, imply a high probability of membership in NGC 1866. The 200 Myr age of the cluster indicates that the PN’s progenitor star had an initial mass of about 3.9 M⊙. The integrated spectrum of Ka LMC 1 shows strong emission lines of [N ii], consistent with it being a “Type I” nitrogen-rich PN. The nebula exhibits a classical ring morphology, with a diameter of ∼6″, corresponding to an advanced expansion age of about 18,000 yr. Archival images of NGC 1866 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal a faint blue central star. Comparison of the star’s luminosity with predictions from one set of theoretical post-asymptotic-giant-branch evolutionary tracks (for single stars) implies an age roughly consistent with the dynamical age of the PN, but the agreement with alternative modern tracks is much poorer. Analysis of the emission-line spectrum suggests considerable dust extinction within the nebula; however the central star possibly suffers little reddening because we may be viewing it nearly pole-on in a bipolar PN. Our accidental discovery was made using data that are not ideal for study of Ka LMC 1; we suggest several avenues of future targeted studies that would provide valuable and nearly unique new information for constraining models of late stellar evolution.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics; 5101 Astronomical sciences; 5107 Particle and high energy physics
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
Date of acceptance:	22 October 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	14 November 2025
Date Deposited:	14 Nov 2025 16:53
Last Modified:	14 Nov 2025 17:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1088/1538-3873/ae1664
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27568

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