Examining the perceptions and permissions of reusing treated wastewater in a region facing water scarcity

AL-Rikabi, HT, Zubaidi, SL, Ortega-Martorell, S ORCID: 0000-0001-9927-3209, Al-Ansari, N, Al-Bdairi, NSS, Muhsen, YR and Hashim, KS ORCID: 0000-0001-9623-4060 (2025) Examining the perceptions and permissions of reusing treated wastewater in a region facing water scarcity. Scientific Reports, 15 (1). p. 40562. ISSN 2045-2322

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the public’s perspective on the utilisation of reclaimed water in Al-Kut, Iraq. Accordingly, a survey consisting of multiple-choice questions was designed to gather demographic information and assess the participants’ views and knowledge about water resources and wastewater reuse. The replies of 507 Iraqis, consisting of 326 males and 181 females, were analysed using a T, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square tests. The study’s findings indicate that 90.6% of the people are conscious of the issue of water crisis problem, whereas the others 9.4% either deny its existence (6.6%) or are uncertain about it (2.8%). Based on the survey questions, a high percentage (about 41%) of respondents have no idea that there is a water crisis. Nevertheless, the majority (88%) of individuals are implementing strategies to preserve water and are open to incurring additional charges for the installation of centralised wastewater treatment plants in the area. Many individuals support the utilisation of reclaimed water for agricultural and industrial applications. The findings also indicated a statistically significant relationship between sex, income, and acceptance of wastewater reuse. Incentives for reusing treated wastewater and opposition against it were ranked by the respondents.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Humans; Water Purification; Water Supply; Adult; Middle Aged; Iraq; Female; Male; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Wastewater; Iraq; Public perception; SDGs; Survey; Sustainability; Wastewater reuse; Humans; Female; Male; Wastewater; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Iraq; Middle Aged; Water Purification; Young Adult; Water Supply; 4004 Chemical Engineering; 40 Engineering; 6 Clean Water and Sanitation; Humans; Female; Male; Wastewater; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Iraq; Middle Aged; Water Purification; Young Adult; Water Supply
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Civil Engineering and Built Environment Computer Science and Mathematics
Publisher:	Springer
Date of acceptance:	13 October 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	22 December 2025
Date Deposited:	22 Dec 2025 14:53
Last Modified:	22 Dec 2025 14:53
DOI or ID number:	10.1038/s41598-025-24308-w
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27763

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