Seasonal variation and concentration of PAHs in Lake Balaton sediment: A study on molecular weight distribution and sources of pollution

Grmasha, RA, Al-sareji, OJ, Meiczinger, M, Al-Juboori, RA, Stenger-Kovács, C, Lengyel, E, Sh. Majdi, H, AlKhaddar, R, Mohammed, SJ and Hashim, KS ORCID: 0000-0001-9623-4060 (2024) Seasonal variation and concentration of PAHs in Lake Balaton sediment: A study on molecular weight distribution and sources of pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 202. ISSN 0025-326X

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Abstract

The temporal and spatial variations of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined at multiple sites around Lake Balaton from February 2023 to January 2024. The results indicated that the concentrations of PAHs in sediment were high during the winter months, 448.35 to 619.77 ng/g dry weight, and low during the summer months, 257.21 to 465.49 ng/g dry weight. The concentration of high molecular weight PAHs (HMWPAHs), consisting of 5–6 rings, was greater than that of low molecular weight PAHs (LMWPAHs), which had 2–3 rings. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for both dermal and ingestion pathways was high for both adults and children during the four seasons, with the highest records as the following: winter > spring > summer > autumn. The ecological effects of the 16 PAHs were negligible except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl), which displayed slightly higher concentrations during the autumn and spring, respectively.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Lake Balaton; Sediments; Petrogenic sources; Pyrolytic sources; Toxicity assessment; Humans; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Seasons; Environmental Monitoring; Molecular Weight; Geologic Sediments; Lakes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Lake Balaton; Petrogenic sources; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pyrolytic sources; Sediments; Toxicity assessment; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Lakes; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Weight; Humans; 41 Environmental Sciences; 4105 Pollution and Contamination; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Lakes; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Weight; Humans; Marine Biology & Hydrobiology
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Civil Engineering and Built Environment
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date of acceptance:	1 April 2024
Date of first compliant Open Access:	4 March 2026
Date Deposited:	04 Mar 2026 11:18
Last Modified:	04 Mar 2026 11:18
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116333
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28180

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