Epigenetic Liquid Biopsy Marks Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence from the AF Big Picture Study.

Proietti, R, Tidbury, N ORCID: 0000-0001-6469-0870, Preston, J ORCID: 0000-0002-0146-2106, Vittal, M ORCID: 0000-0003-2617-8133, McCabe, P ORCID: 0000-0003-0464-4922, McDowell, G ORCID: 0000-0002-2880-5236, Lip, GYH ORCID: 0000-0002-7566-1626 and Vinciguerra, M (2026) Epigenetic Liquid Biopsy Marks Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence from the AF Big Picture Study. Epigenomes, 10 (1). ISSN 2075-4655

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently the most common arrhythmia worldwide, and it is linked to increased mortality and morbidity, hence the need for a better clinical stratification of AF patients. Histone complexes or nucleosomes, released into the blood circulation, are found elevated in acute conditions such as stroke, trauma, and sepsis. The aim of this pilot single-centre study was to assess whether circulating histone levels could be used for diagnostic purposes in patients with AF. Methods: A total of 40 patients, well characterised for their biochemical and clinical characteristics, were recruited from outpatient clinics. Patients were randomly recruited into two groups (n = 20 per group), i.e., persistent AF and hypertensive controls. A multi-channel flow imaging methodology based on ImageStreamX was used with a well-optimised protocol to image and quantify five individual histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and macroH2A1.1) together with the dimers (H2A/H2B, and H3/H4). Results: In the AF groups, plasma levels of histone dimers H2A/H2B and H3/H4 were elevated compared to hypertensive controls, 1.8% vs. 1.06% (p-value = 0.03). H2A/H2B dimer levels were increased in AF patients irrespective of gender, smoking status, diabetes, and pharmacological therapy. In the overall population, an inverse correlation between H2A and BMI was detected. Conclusions: Our pilot study, although limited in sample size, suggests that circulating histone complexes may be epigenetic sentinels for AF, offering mechanistic insights while addressing unmet needs in risk stratification.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	atrial fibrillation; blood; epigenetics; histones; liquid biopsy; 31 Biological Sciences; 3105 Genetics; Clinical Research; Heart Disease; Cardiovascular; 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies; 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors; 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies; Cardiovascular; 3105 Genetics
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica R Medicine > RT Nursing
Divisions:	Nursing and Advanced Practice Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	MDPI AG
Date of acceptance:	31 January 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access:	4 March 2026
Date Deposited:	04 Mar 2026 14:17
Last Modified:	04 Mar 2026 14:17
DOI or ID number:	10.3390/epigenomes10010009
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28193

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