Using Q Methodology to Investigate Subjective Views and Beliefs in Design, Technology and/or Engineering Education Research

McLain, M orcid iconORCID: 0000-0002-8691-3155 Using Q Methodology to Investigate Subjective Views and Beliefs in Design, Technology and/or Engineering Education Research. Journal of Technology Education. ISSN 1045-1064 (Accepted)

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Abstract

As research in technology, engineering, and/or design education continues to grow globally, ensuring methodological rigor and trustworthiness is increasingly vital. A 2011 UK expert review found the epistemological foundations of design and technology (D&T) were less firmly established than those of more traditional and more established science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects, highlighting the need for robust scholarship to strengthen emerging technology education disciplines. Over the past 30 years, technology, engineering and design (TED) subjects have evolved from gendered, craft-based curricula to inclusive, future-focused education preparing learners for a technologically advanced world. This article introduces Q Methodology within the context of TED education research. Originating in psychology, Q Methodology is a pragmatic, seven-stage approach for exploring subjective beliefs through qualitative data and factor analysis. It involves defining a range of views, refining them into statements, selecting participants, sorting statements, conducting post-sort interviews, analysing factors, and interpreting groupings of shared perspectives. Unlike purely consensus seeking approaches, Q methodology reveals a plurality of viewpoints, preserving the integrity of participants’ beliefs while recognising both shared and distinguishing perspectives.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: plurality; pragmatism; primer; Q Methodology; subjectivity; 1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy; Education; 3904 Specialist studies in education
Subjects: L Education > LB Theory and practice of education
T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions: Education
Publisher: Virginia Tech Publishing & Press
Date of acceptance: 9 March 2026
Date Deposited: 18 Mar 2026 11:44
Last Modified: 18 Mar 2026 11:44
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28259
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