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Marino, E, Gkantou, M 
ORCID: 0000-0003-2494-405X, Malekjafarian, A, Bali, S, Baniotopoulos, C, van Beeck, J, Borg, RP, Bruschi, N, Cardiff, P, Chatzi, E, Čudina, I, Dinu, F, Efthymiou, E, Ferri, G, Gervásio, H, Heng, J, Jiang, Z, Lenci, S, Lukačević, I, Manuel, L et al
(2025)
Offshore renewable energies: exploring floating modular energy islands—materials, construction technologies, and life cycle assessment.
Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy, 11 (4).
pp. 1157-1182.
ISSN 2198-6444
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Abstract
Floating modular energy islands (FMEIs) are modular, interconnected floating structures designed to collectively produce, store, convert, and transport renewable energy. This review aims to establish a foundation for developing innovative approaches to sustainably harness multi-energy sources in offshore environments. It leverages existing technological expertise while exploring new solutions to address specific challenges associated with FMEIs. The review initially presents existing technologies for floating energy structures and assesses their applicability to FMEI. The structural materials that could be utilised for the construction of a floating energy island are subsequently reviewed. Next, the offshore construction technologies suitable for FMEI are reviewed. Finally, studies on the life cycle assessment of hybrid energy systems are examined, highlighting the environmental advantages of integrating multiple renewable energy sources, thereby underscoring the potential of FMEIs.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Offshore; Renewable energy; Floating energy islands; Materials; Construction techniques; LCA; 4015 Maritime Engineering; 40 Engineering; 7 Affordable and Clean Energy; 13 Climate Action; 4015 Maritime engineering |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Divisions: | Engineering and Built Environment |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Date of acceptance: | 6 May 2025 |
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 15 September 2026 |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Sep 2026 09:41 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Sep 2026 09:41 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1007/s40722-025-00403-y |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29425 |
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