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Elliott, SP, Brandt, SD, Wallach, J, Morris, H and Kavanagh, PV (2015) First Reported Fatalities Associated with the 'Research Chemical' 2-Methoxydiphenidine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY, 39 (4). pp. 287-293. ISSN 0146-4760
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JAT-14-1724.R1.pdf - Accepted Version Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
2-Methoxydiphenidine, i.e. 1-[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]piperidine, also known as 'MXP' or '2-MeO-diphenidine' (or 2-MXP), has been available as a 'research chemical' since 2013 as a purported alternative to the 'dissociative anesthetics' methoxetamine and ketamine. Three deaths which involved the detection of 2-MXP in post-mortem blood and urine were encountered in forensic casework. The 2-, 3- and 4-methoxyphenyl positional isomers were synthesized to confirm the identity and concentration of 2-MXP. The 2-MXP femoral blood concentrations in the cases were found to be 24.0, 2.0 and 1.36 mg/L (the latter with an alternative cause of death). Some additional prescription drugs were encountered at therapeutic concentrations in all three cases. Analysis of the biofluids allowed the detection and characterization of various metabolites, including the suggested presence of hydroxy-2-MXP as the main metabolite with the hydroxyl group located on the piperidine rather than the phenyl or benzyl moiety. Additional metabolites included O-desmethyl-2-MXP and hydroxylated O-desmethyl-2-MXP. Diphenidine and hydroxy-diphenidine, also showing the presence of the hydroxyl group on the piperidine ring, were also detected. It was not possible to identify whether these arose from 2-MXP biotransformation or whether they represented the presence of diphenidine as a separate substance. These are the first published fatalities involving 2-MXP and presents analytical data to assist analytical toxicologists with future casework.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Analytical Toxicology following peer review. The version of record "First Reported Fatalities Associated with the 'Research Chemical' 2-Methoxydiphenidine" is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkv006 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 0301 Analytical Chemistry, 1115 Pharmacology And Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| Divisions: | Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences |
| Publisher: | OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Apr 2016 14:22 |
| Last Modified: | 18 May 2022 10:29 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1093/jat/bkv006 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/3410 |
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