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Wagenmakers, AJM, Strauss, JA, Shepherd, SO, Keske, MA and Cocks, M (2015) Increased muscle blood supply and transendothelial nutrient and insulin transport induced by food intake and exercise: effect of obesity and ageing. Journal of Physiology. pp. 1-16. ISSN 1469-7793
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Abstract
This review concludes that a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and ageing impair the vasodilator response of the muscle microvasculature to insulin, exercise and VEGF-A and reduce microvascular density. Both impairments contribute to the development of insulin resistance, obesity and chronic age-related diseases. A physically active lifestyle keeps both the vasodilator response and microvascular density high. Intravital microscopy has shown that microvascular units (MVUs) are the smallest functional elements to adjust blood flow in response to physiological signals and metabolic demands on muscle fibres. The luminal diameter of a common terminal arteriole (TA) controls blood flow through up to 20 capillaries belonging to a single MVU. Increases in plasma insulin and exercise/muscle contraction lead to recruitment of additional MVUs. Insulin also increases arteriolar vasomotion. Both mechanisms increase the endothelial surface area and therefore transendothelial transport of glucose, fatty acids (FAs) and insulin by specific transporters, present in high concentrations in the capillary endothelium. Future studies should quantify transporter concentration differences between healthy and at risk populations as they may limit nutrient supply and oxidation in muscle and impair glucose and lipid homeostasis. An important recent discovery is that VEGF-B produced by skeletal muscle controls the expression of FA transporter proteins in the capillary endothelium and thus links endothelial FA uptake to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, potentially preventing lipotoxic FA accumulation, the dominant cause of insulin resistance in muscle fibres.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: "Increased muscle blood supply and transendothelial nutrient and insulin transport induced by food intake and exercise: effect of obesity and ageing" by Anton J.M. Wagenmakers et al., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284513. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 06 Biological Sciences, 11 Medical And Health Sciences |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine |
| Divisions: | Sport & Exercise Sciences |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 28 May 2015 13:20 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2021 14:37 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284513 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/583 |
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