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Hashim, KS, Shaw, A, Al Khaddar, RM, Ortoneda Pedrola, M and Phipps, D (2017) Defluoridation of drinking water using a new flow column-electrocoagulation reactor (FCER) - Experimental, statistical, and economic approach. Journal of Environental Management, 197. pp. 80-88. ISSN 0301-4797
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Defluoridation of drinking water using a new flow column-electrocoagulation reactor (FCER) - Experimental, statistical, and economic approach..pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. Download (720kB) | Preview |
Abstract
A new batch, flow column electrocoagulation reactor (FCER) that utilises a perforated plate flow column as a mixer has been used to remove fluoride from drinking water. A comprehensive study has been carried out to assess its performance. The efficiency of fluoride removal (R%) as a function of key operational parameters such as initial pH, detention time (t), current density (CD), inter-electrode distance (ID) and initial concentration (C0) has been examined and an empirical model has been developed. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the influence of the EC process on morphology of the surface of the aluminium electrodes, showed the erosion caused by aluminium loss. A preliminary estimation of the reactor's operating cost is suggested, allowing for the energy from recycling of hydrogen gas hydrogen gas produced amount. The results obtained showed that 98% of fluoride was removed within 25 min of electrolysis at pH of 6, ID of 5 mm, and CD of 2 mA/cm(2). The general relationship between fluoride removal and operating parameters could be described by a linear model with R(2) of 0.823. The contribution of the operating parameters to the suggested model followed the order: t > CD > C0 > ID > pH. The SEM images obtained showed that, after the EC process, the surface of the anodes, became non-uniform with a large number of irregularities due to the generation of aluminium hydroxides. It is suggested that these do not materially affect the performance. A provisional estimate of the operating cost was 0.379 US $/m(3). Additionally, it has been found that 0.6 kW/m(3) is potentially recoverable from the H2 gas.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | A corrigendum to the above article has been published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.075 available online from 30/19/17 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | MD Multidisciplinary |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Civil Engineering & Built Environment Civil Engineering (merged with Built Env 10 Aug 20) |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
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| Date Deposited: | 03 Apr 2017 08:36 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Mar 2022 12:40 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.048 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/6198 |
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