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Al Shahrani, M, Heales, S, Hargreaves, IP and Orford, M (2017) Oxidative Stress: Mechanistic Insights into Inherited Mitochondrial Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6 (11). ISSN 2077-0383
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Oxidative Stress Mechanistic Insights into Inherited Mitochondrial Disorders and Parkinson's Disease.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (3MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when cellular antioxidant defences become overwhelmed by a surplus generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Once this occurs, many cellular biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins become susceptible to free radical-induced oxidative damage, and this may consequently lead to cellular and ultimately tissue and organ dysfunction. Mitochondria, as well as being a source of ROS, are vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced damage with a number of key biomolecules being the target of oxidative damage by free radicals, including membrane phospholipids, respiratory chain complexes, proteins, and mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). As a result, a deficit in cellular energy status may occur along with increased electron leakage and partial reduction of oxygen. This in turn may lead to a further increase in ROS production. Oxidative damage to certain mitochondrial biomolecules has been associated with, and implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the impact of such oxidative stress and subsequent damage by reviewing our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of several inherited mitochondrial disorders together with our understanding of perturbations observed in the more commonly acquired neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Furthermore, the potential use and feasibility of antioxidant therapies as an adjunct to lower the accumulation of damaging oxidative species and hence slow disease progression will also be discussed.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Medicine, General & Internal; General & Internal Medicine; mitochondria; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; antioxidant; HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY; LINKED CARDIOSKELETAL MYOPATHY; NEUTROPENIA BARTH-SYNDROME; IRON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; COENZYME Q(10) STATUS; COMPLEX-I DEFICIENCY; NITRIC-OXIDE; FRIEDREICHS-ATAXIA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| Divisions: | Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences |
| Publisher: | MDPI AG |
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| Date Deposited: | 27 Sep 2018 08:42 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2021 10:04 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.3390/jcm6110100 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9336 |
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