Pierel, JDR, Arendse, N, Ertl, S, Huang, X, Moustakas, LA, Schuldt, S, Shajib, AJ, Shu, Y, Birrer, S, Bronikowski, M, Hjorth, J, Suyu, SH, Agarwal, S, Agnello, A, Bolton, AS, Chakrabarti, S, Cold, C, Courbin, F, Della Costa, JM, Dhawan, S et al, Engesser, M, Fox, OD, Gall, C, Gomez, S, Goobar, A, Jha, SW, Jimenez, C, Johansson, J, Larison, C, Li, G, Marques-Chaves, R, Mao, S, Mazzali, PA, Perez-Fournon, I, Petrushevska, T, Poidevin, F, Rest, A, Sheu, W, Shirley, R, Silver, E, Storfer, C, Strolger, LG, Treu, T, Wojtak, R and Zenati, Y (2023) LensWatch. I. Resolved HST Observations and Constraints on the Strongly Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx (“SN Zwicky”). Astrophysical Journal, 948 (2). ISSN 0004-637X

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Abstract

Supernovae (SNe) that have been multiply imaged by gravitational lensing are rare and powerful probes for cosmology. Each detection is an opportunity to develop the critical tools and methodologies needed as the sample of lensed SNe increases by orders of magnitude with the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. The latest such discovery is of the quadruply imaged Type Ia SN 2022qmx (aka, “SN Zwicky”) at z = 0.3544. SN Zwicky was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility in spatially unresolved data. Here we present follow-up Hubble Space Telescope observations of SN Zwicky, the first from the multicycle “LensWatch (www.lenswatch.org)” program. We measure photometry for each of the four images of SN Zwicky, which are resolved in three WFC3/UVIS filters (F475W, F625W, and F814W) but unresolved with WFC3/IR F160W, and present an analysis of the lensing system using a variety of independent lens modeling methods. We find consistency between lens-model-predicted time delays (≲1 day), and delays estimated with the single epoch of Hubble Space Telescope colors (≲3.5 days), including the uncertainty from chromatic microlensing (∼1-1.5 days). Our lens models converge to an Einstein radius of θ E = ( 0.168 − 0.005 + 0.009 ) ″ , the smallest yet seen in a lensed SN system. The “standard candle” nature of SN Zwicky provides magnification estimates independent of the lens modeling that are brighter than predicted by ∼ 1.7 − 0.6 + 0.8 mag and ∼ 0.9 − 0.6 + 0.8 mag for two of the four images, suggesting significant microlensing and/or additional substructure beyond the flexibility of our image-position mass models.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics; 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural); Astronomy & Astrophysics
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	American Astronomical Society
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	15 Jun 2023 11:07
Last Modified:	15 Jun 2023 11:15
DOI or ID number:	10.3847/1538-4357/acc7a6
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/19841

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