Article

Abbasi, Y, Van Hout, MC, Fargalla, M and Itani, L (2022) Knowledge and use of electronic cigarettes in young adults in the United Arab Emirates, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (13). ISSN 1660-4601

Achar, J, Cronin, MTD, Firman, JW and Öberg, G (2024) A problem formulation framework for the application of in silico toxicology methods in chemical risk assessment. Archives of Toxicology. ISSN 0340-5761

Achar, J, Firman, JW, Cronin, MTD and Öberg, G (2024) A framework for categorizing sources of uncertainty in in silico toxicology methods: considerations for chemical toxicity predictions. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 154. ISSN 0273-2300

Ajime, TT, Serre, J, Wust, RCI, Burniston, JG, Maes, K, Janssens, W, Troosters, T, Gayan-Ramirez, G and Degens, H (2021) The combination of smoking with vitamin D deficiency impairs skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy in response to overload in mice. Journal of Applied Physiology, 131 (1). pp. 339-351. ISSN 8750-7587

Al Sharif, M, Tsakovska, I, Pajeva, I, Alov, P, Fioravanzo, E, Bassan, A, Kovarich, S, Yang, C, Mostrag-Szlichtyng, A, Vitcheva, V, Worth, AP, Richarz, AN and Cronin, MTD (2016) The application of molecular modelling in the safety assessment of chemicals: A case study on ligand-dependent PPARγ dysregulation. Toxicology. ISSN 1879-3185

Algefare, AI, Alfwuaires, M, Famurewa, AC, Elsawy, H and Sedky, A (2024) Geraniol prevents CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity via suppression of hepatic oxidative stress, pro-inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Toxicology Reports, 12. pp. 128-134.

Assi, S, Marshall, D, Bersani, FS and Corazza, O (2020) Uses, Effects and Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids from the Perspective of People with Lived Experiences. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. ISSN 0279-1072

Banerjee, A, Kar, S, Roy, K, Patlewicz, G, Charest, N, Benfenati, E and Cronin, M (2024) Molecular Similarity in Chemical Informatics and Predictive Toxicity Modeling: From Quantitative Read-across (q-RA) to Quantitative Read-Across Structure-Activity Relationship (q-RASAR) with the Application of Machine Learning. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. ISSN 1040-8444

Bassan, A, Alves, VM, Amberg, A, Anger, LT, Auerbach, S, Beilke, L, Bender, A, Cronin, MTD, Cross, KP, Hsieh, J-H, Greene, N, Kemper, R, Kim, MT, Mumtaz, M, Noeske, T, Pavan, M, Pletz, J, Russo, DP, Sabnis, Y, Schaefer, M et al, Szabo, DT, Valentin, J-P, Wichard, J, Williams, D, Woolley, D, Zwickl, C and Myatt, GJ (2021) In silico approaches in organ toxicity hazard assessment: current status and future needs in predicting liver toxicity. Computational Toxicology. ISSN 2468-1113

Bassan, A, Alves, VM, Amberg, A, Anger, LT, Beilke, L, Bender, A, Bernal, A, Cronin, MTD, Hsieh, JH, Johnson, C, Kemper, R, Mumtaz, M, Neilson, L, Pavan, M, Pointon, A, Pletz, J, Ruiz, P, Russo, DP, Sabnis, Y, Sandhu, R et al, Schaefer, M, Stavitskaya, L, Szabo, DT, Valentin, JP, Woolley, D, Zwickl, C and Myatt, GJ (2021) In silico approaches in organ toxicity hazard assessment: Current status and future needs for predicting heart, kidney and lung toxicities. Computational Toxicology, 20. ISSN 2468-1113

Batke, M, Afrapoli, FM, Kellner, R, Rathman, J, Yang, C, Cronin, MTD and Escher, S (2021) Threshold of Toxicological Concern - an update for non-genotoxic carcinogens. Frontiers in Toxicology. ISSN 2673-3080

Belfield, SJ, Enoch, SJ, Firman, JW, Madden, JC, Schultz, TW and Cronin, MTD (2021) Determination of “Fitness-for-Purpose” of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Models to Predict (Eco-)Toxicological Endpoints for Regulatory Use. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 123. ISSN 0273-2300

Boobis, AR, Brown, P, Cronin, MTD, Edwards, J, Galli, CL, Goodman, J, Jacobs, A, Kirkland, D, Luijten, M, Marsaux, CFM, Martin, M, Yang, C and Hollnagel, HM (2017) Origin of the TTC values for compounds that are genotoxic and/or carcinogenic and an approach for their revaluation. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. ISSN 1547-6898

Bose, D, Famurewa, AC, Akash, A and Othman, EM (2024) The Therapeutic Mechanisms of Honey in Mitigating Toxicity from Anticancer Chemotherapy Toxicity: A Review. Journal of Xenobiotics, 14 (3). pp. 1109-1129. ISSN 2039-4705

Brennan, R and Van Hout, MC (2020) “Bursting the Lyrica bubble”: experiences of pregabalin use in individuals accessing opioid substitution treatment in Dublin. Heroin Addiction And Related Clinical Problems. ISSN 1592-1638

Brockmeier, EK, Hodges, G, Hutchinson, TH, Butler, E, Hecker, M, Tollefsen, KE, Garcia-Reyero, N, Kille, P, Becker, D, Chipman, K, Colbourne, J, Collette, TW, Cossins, A, Cronin, MTD, Graystock, P, Gutsell, S, Knapen, D, Katsiadaki, I, Lange, A, Marshall, S et al, Owen, SF, Perkins, EJ, Plaistow, S, Schroeder, A, Taylor, D, Viant, M, Ankley, G and Falciani, F (2017) The Role of Omics in the Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chemical Risk Assessment. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 158 (2). pp. 252-262. ISSN 1096-6080

Béquignon, OJM, Pawar, G, van de Water, B, Cronin, MTD and van Westen, GJP (2019) Computational Approaches for Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Prediction: State of the Art and Challenges. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences.

Chilton, ML, Api, AM, Foster, RS, Gerberick, GF, Lavelle, M, Macmillan, DS, Na, M, O'Brien, D, O'Leary-Steele, C, Patel, M, Ponting, DJ, Roberts, DW, Safford, RJ and Tennant, RE (2022) Updating the Dermal Sensitisation Thresholds using an expanded dataset and an in silico expert system. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 133. p. 105200. ISSN 0273-2300

Cronin, M, Basiri, H, Chrysochoou, G, Enoch, SJ, Firman, JW, Spinu, N and Madden, JC (2024) The predictivity of QSARs for toxicity: Recommendations for improving model performance. Computational Toxicology, 33.

Cronin, MTD, Ball, N, Beken, S, Bender, H, Bercaru, O, Caneva, L, Corvaro, M, Currie, RA, Dawson, JL, Desert, P, Escher, SE, Franco, A, Irizar, A, Mehta, JM, Rogiers, V, Tremblay, RT, Westmoreland, C and Maxwell, G (2023) Exposure considerations in human safety assessment: Report from an EPAA Partners’ Forum. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 144. ISSN 0273-2300

Cronin, MTD, Bauer, FJ, Bonnell, M, Campos, B, Ebbrell, DJ, Firman, JW, Gutsell, S, Hodges, G, Patlewicz, G, Sapounidou, M, Spinu, N, Thomas, PC and Worth, AP (2022) A scheme to evaluate structural alerts to predict toxicity – Assessing confidence by characterising uncertainties. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 135. ISSN 0273-2300

Croxford, S, Emanuel, E, Ibitoye, A, Njoroge, J, Edmundson, C, Bardsley, M, Heinsbroek, E, Hope, V and Phipps, E (2021) Preliminary indications of the burden of COVID-19 among people who inject drugs in England and Northern Ireland and the impact on access to health and harm reduction services. Public Health, 192. pp. 8-11. ISSN 0033-3506

Ekele, JU (2023) Phytochemical analysis of six anti-venom medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 11 (3). pp. 71-79. ISSN 2394-0530

Ellison, CM, Piechota, P, Madden, JC, Enoch, SJ and Cronin, MTD (2016) Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Informed Modeling of Aquatic Toxicology: QSARs, Read-Across, and Interspecies Verification of Modes of Action. Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (7). pp. 3995-4007. ISSN 1520-5851

Enoch, SJ, Hasarova, Z, Cronin, MTD, Bridgwood, K, Rao, S, Kluxen, FM and Frericks, M (2024) Metabolism-based category formation for the prioritisation of genotoxicity hazard assessment for plant protection product residues (Part 4): α-Chloroacetamides. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 150. ISSN 0273-2300

Famurewa, AC, Ekeleme-Egedigwe, CA, Ogbu, PN, Ajibare, AJ, Folawiyo, MA, Obasi, DO and Narayanankutty, A (2023) Morin hydrate downregulates inflammation-mediated nitric oxide overproduction and potentiates antioxidant mechanism against anticancer drug doxorubicin oxidative hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 13 (5). pp. 475-487. ISSN 2228-7930

Famurewa, AC, Renu, K, Eladl, MA, Chakraborty, R, Myakala, H, El-Sherbiny, M, Elsherbini, DMA, Vellingiri, B, Madhyastha, H, Ramesh Wanjari, U, Goutam Mukherjee, A and Valsala Gopalakrishnan, A (2022) Hesperidin and hesperetin against heavy metal toxicity: Insight on the molecular mechanism of mitigation. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 149. ISSN 0753-3322

Firman, JW, Boobis, A, Hollnagel, HM, Kaiser, S, Lovell, DP, Moretto, A, Mueller, S, Rider, CV, Schmidt, F, Stice, S, Wijeyesakere, SJ, Borja, G and Patlewicz, G (2024) Evaluating the consistency of judgments derived through both in silico and expert application of the Cramer classification scheme. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 194. ISSN 0278-6915

Firman, JW, Pestana, CB, Rathman, JF, Vinken, M, Yang, C and Cronin, MTD (2020) A robust, mechanistically-based in silico structural profiler for hepatic cholestasis. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 34 (2). pp. 641-655. ISSN 0893-228X

Hemeryck, LY, Moore, SA and Vanhaecke, L (2016) Mass Spectrometric Mapping of the DNA Adductome as a Means to Study Genotoxin Exposure, Metabolism, and Effect. Analytical Chemistry, 88 (15). pp. 7436-7446. ISSN 1520-6882

Hope, VD, Cullen, KJ, Smith, J, Jessop, L, Parry, J and Ncube, F (2016) Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection? Eurosurveillance, 21 (19). ISSN 1560-7917

Khan, W, Khan, BM, Yasen, S, Al-Dahiri, A, Al-Jumeily, D, Dajani, K and Hussain, A (2022) COVID-19 Vaccination and Mental Stress within Diverse Sociodemographic Groups. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (19). p. 12932.

Lewer, D, Harris, M and Hope, V (2017) Opiate Injection-Associated Skin, Soft Tissue, and Vascular Infections, England, UK, 1997-2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23 (8). ISSN 1080-6059

Madden, JC, Rogiers, V and Vinken, M (2014) Application of in silico and in vitro methods in the development of adverse outcome pathway constructs in wildlife. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 369 (1656). ISSN 0962-8436

Mason, C, Leedale, J, Tasoulis, S, Jarman, IH, Antione, D and Webb, SD (2018) Systems Toxicology Approach to Identifying Paracetamol Overdose. CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology. ISSN 2163-8306

Mason, CL, Leedale, J, Tasoulis, S, Jarman, I and Webb, SD (2019) A systems toxicology paracetamol overdose framework: accounting for high-risk individuals. Computational Toxicology, 12. ISSN 2468-1113

Masterton, W, Falzon, D, Burton, G, Carver, H, Wallace, B, Aston, E, Sumnall, H, Measham, F, Gittins, R, Craik, V, Schofield, J, Little, S and Parkers, T (2022) A realist review of how community-based drug checking services could be designed and implemented to promote engagement of people who use drugs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (19). ISSN 1660-4601

McVeigh, J, Germain, J and Van Hout, MC (2016) 2,4-Dinitrophenol, the inferno drug: a netnographic study of user experiences in the quest for leanness. Journal of Substance Use. ISSN 1465-9891

Montgomery, C, Fisk, JE and Roberts, CA (2017) Updating of working memory in ecstasy polydrug users: Findings from fNIRS. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 32 (3). ISSN 0885-6222

Myatt, GJ, Ahlberg, E, Akahori, E, Allen, D, Amberg, A, Anger, LT, Aptula, A, Auerbach, S, Beilke, L, Bellion, P, Benigni,, R, Bercu, J, Booth, ED, Bower, D, Brigo, A, Burden, N, Cammerer, Z, Cronin, MTD, Cross, KP, Custer, L et al, Dettwiler, M, Dobo, K, Ford, KA, Fortin, MC, Gad-McDonald, SE, Gellatly, N, Gervais, V, Glover, KP, Glowienke, S, van Gompel, J, Gutsell, S, Hardy, B, Harvey, JS, Hillegass, J, Honma, M, Hsieh, JH, Hsu, CW, Hughes, K, Johnson, C, Jolly, R, Jones, D, Kemper, R, Kenyon, MO, Kim, MT, Kruhlak, NL, Kulkarni, SA, Kümmerer, K, Leavitt, P, Majer, B, Masten, S, Miller, S, Moser, J, Mumtaz, M, Muster, W, Neilson, L, Oprea, TI, Patlewicz, G, Paulino, A, Piparo, EL, Powley, M, Quigley, DP, Reddy, MV, Richarz, AN, Ruiz, P, Schilter, B, Serafimova, R, Simpson, W, Stavitskaya, L, Stidl, R, Suarez-Rodriguez, D, Szabo, DT, Teasdale, A, Trejo-Martin, A, Valentin, JP, Vuorinen, A, Wall, BA, Watts, P, White, AT, Wichard, J, Witt, KL, Woolley, A, Woolley, D, Zwickl, C and Hasselgren, C (2018) In silico toxicology protocols. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. ISSN 0273-2300

Nicholls, J, Livingston, W, Perkins, A, Cairns, B, Foster, R, Trayner, KMA, Sumnall, H, Price, T, Cairney, P, Dumbrell, J and Parkes, T (2022) Drug Consumption Rooms and Public Health Policy: Perspectives of Scottish Strategic Decision-Makers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (11). ISSN 1661-7827

O'Halloran, C, Cullen, K, Njoroge, J, Jessop, L, Smith, J, Hope, V and Ncube, F (2017) The extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-reported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs (PWID) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. International Journal of Drug Policy, 46. pp. 34-40. ISSN 1873-4758

Paini, A, Campia, I, Cronin, M, Pletz, J and Spinu, N (2021) Towards a qAOP Framework for Predictive Toxicology - Linking Data to Decisions. Computational Toxicology, 21. ISSN 2468-1113

Pestana, C, Enoch, SJ, Firman, JW, Madden, JC, Spinu, N and Cronin, MTD (2022) A Strategy to Define Applicability Domains for Read-Across. Computational Toxicology, 22. ISSN 2468-1113

Pestana, C, Firman, JW and Cronin, MTD (2020) Incorporating Lines of Evidence from New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to Reduce Uncertainties in a Category Based Read-Across: A Case Study for Repeated Dose Toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 120. ISSN 0273-2300

Richarz, A-N, Madden, JC, Marchese Robinson, RL, Lubiński, Ł, Mokshina, E, Urbaszek, P, Kuz׳min, VE, Puzyn, T and Cronin, MTD (2015) Development of computational models for the prediction of the toxicity of nanomaterials. Perspectives in Science, 3 (1-4). pp. 27-29. ISSN 2213-0209

Richter, MJ, Wagmann, L, Brandt, SD and Meyer, MR (2022) In vitro metabolic fate of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists 2F-QMPSB and SGT-233 including isozyme mapping and carboxylesterases activity testing. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. ISSN 0146-4760

Robinson, RLM, Cronin, MTD, Richarz, A-N and Rallo, R (2015) An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, 6. pp. 1978-1999. ISSN 2190-4286

Sandeu, MM, Mulamba, C, Weedall, GD and Wondji, CS (2020) A differential expression of pyrethroid resistance genes in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across Uganda is associated with patterns of gene flow. PLoS One, 15 (11). ISSN 1932-6203

Sanz, F, Pognan, F, Steger-Hartmann, T, Diaz, C, Cases, M, Pastor`, M, Marc, P, Wichard, J, Briggs, K, Watson, D, Kleinöder,, T, Yang, C, Amberg, A, Beaumont, M, Brookes, AJ, Brunak, S, Cronin, MTD, Ecker, GF, Escher, S, Greene, N et al, Guzman, A, Hersey, A, Jacques, P, Lammens, L, Mestres, J, Muster, W, Northeved, H, Pinches, M, Saiz, J, Sajot, N, Valencia, A, van der Lei, J, Vermeulen, NPE, Vock, E, Wolber, G and Zamora, I (2017) Legacy data sharing to improve drug safety assessment: the eTOX project. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 16. pp. 811-812. ISSN 1474-1776

Schultz, TW, Przybylak, KR, Richarz, AN, Mellor, CL, Bradbury, SP and Cronin, MTD (2017) Read-across of 90-day rat oral repeated-dose toxicity: A case study for selected 2-alkyl-1-alkanols. Computational Toxicology, 2. pp. 28-38. ISSN 2468-1113

Schultz, TW, Richarz, A-N and Cronin, MTD (2018) Assessing Uncertainty in Read-Across: Questions to Evaluate Toxicity Predictions Based on Knowledge Gained from Case Studies. Computational Toxicology. ISSN 2468-1113

Spinu, N, Cronin, MTD, Enoch, SJ, Madden, JC and Worth, A (2020) Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway (qAOP) models for toxicity prediction. Archives of Toxicology, 94. pp. 1497-1510. ISSN 0340-5761

Suciu, I, Pamies, D, Peruzzo, R, Wirtz, PH, Smirnova, L, Pallocca, G, Hauck, C, Cronin, MTD, Hengstler, JG, Brunner, T, Hartung, T, Amelio, I and Leist, M (2023) G × E interactions as a basis for toxicological uncertainty. Archives of Toxicology. ISSN 0340-5761

Sumnall, H (2022) Recreational use of nitrous oxide. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 378. ISSN 0959-535X

Taylor, A and Birkett, JW (2019) Pesticides in cannabis: A review of analytical and toxicological considerations. Drug Testing and Analysis, 12 (2). pp. 180-190. ISSN 1942-7603

Tollefsen, KE, Scholz, S, Cronin, MTD, Edwards, SW, de Knecht, J, Crofton, K, Garcia-Reyero, N, Hartung, T, Worth, A and Patlewicz, G (2014) Applying Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to support Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA). REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 70 (3). pp. 629-640. ISSN 0273-2300

Turton, N, Heaton, R, Ismail, F, Roberts, S, Nelder, S, Phillips, S and Hargreaves, IP (2020) The Effect of Organophosphate Exposure on Neuronal Cell Coenzyme Q10 Status. Neurochemical Research. ISSN 0364-3190

Uusküla, A, Rannap, J, Weijler, L, Abagiu, A, Arendt, V, Barrio, G, Barros, H, Brummer‐Korvenkontio, H, Casabona, J, Croes, E, Jarlais, DD, Seguin‐Devaux, C, Dudás, M, Eritsyan, K, Folch, C, Hatzakis, A, Heimer, R, Heinsbroek, E, Hope, V, Jipa, R et al, Ķīvīte‐Urtāne, A, Levina, O, Lyubimova, A, Malczewski, A, Matser, A, McAuley, A, Meireles, P, Mravčík, V, Op de Coul, E, Ojavee, SE, Parés‐Badell, O, Prins, M, Pulido, J, Romanyak, E, Rosinska, M, Seyler, T, Stone, J, Sypsa, V, Talu, A, Tarján, A, Taylor, A, Vickerman, P, Vorobjov, S, Dolan, K and Wiessing, L (2023) Incarceration history is associated with HIV infection among community‐recruited people who inject drugs in Europe: A propensity‐score matched analysis of cross‐sectional studies. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140

Viant, M, Barnett, RE, Campos, B, Colbourne, JK, Barnard, M, Biales, AD, Cronin, M, Fay, KA, Koehrn, K, McGarry, HF, Sachana, M and Hodges, G (2024) Utilising omics data for chemical grouping. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ISSN 0730-7268

Yang, C, Rathman, JF, Ribeiro, V, Batke, M, Escher, SE, Firman, JW, Hobocienski, B, Kellner, R, Mostrag, A, Przybylak, KR and Cronin, MTD (2023) Update of the Cancer Potency Database (CPDB) to enable derivations of Thresholds Of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for cancer potency. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 182. ISSN 0278-6915

Monograph

Timpson, H, Harrison, R, Hellewell, F and Reed, H (2023) Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Needle and Syringe Programme (NSP) Activity in Sefton. Technical Report. Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool.

Thesis

Cronin, MTD (1990) Quantitative structure-activity relationships of comparative toxicity to aquatic organisms. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool Polytechnic.

Hodges, G (1997) QSAR studies of surfactant toxicity to Daphnia magna. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Mason, C (2019) A systems toxicology framework for improving the identification of paracetamol overdose. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Mostafa Mahmoud Osman, N (2021) Toxicology and Cellular Interactions of Polymer-based Nanocarriers for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Nelms, MD (2015) Development of in silico models to support repeat dose safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients to humans. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Piechota, P (2015) Development of in silico models for the prediction of toxicity incorporating ADME information. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Sapounidou, M (2019) In Silico Classification of Industrial Chemicals Associated with Acute Aquatic Toxic Action Utilising Molecular Initiating Events. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Steinmetz, F (2016) Integration of Data Quality, Kinetics and Mechanistic Modelling into Toxicological Assessment of Cosmetic Ingredients. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Wang, B (1999) Effect of aged garlic extract on the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of bromobenzene in rat liver slices. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Worth, AP (2000) THE INTEGRATED USE OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND IN VITRO DATA FOR PREDICTING CHEMICAL TOXICITY. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Yates, S A (2015) The Cytotoxic Effects of Malondialdehyde on Human Lung Fibroblast Cells. Doctoral thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.