Using x-ray rheography to estimate the 3D field of inertial numbers in flowing granular media

Escobar, A, Baker, J ORCID: 0000-0002-6518-8935, Guillard, F, Faug, T and Einav, I (2025) Using x-ray rheography to estimate the 3D field of inertial numbers in flowing granular media. In: EPJ Web of Conferences , 340. p. 10022. (Powders & Grains 2025 – 10th International Conference on Micromechanics on Granular Media, 8th - 12th Dec 2025, Candolim, Goa, India).

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Abstract

The rheology of granular materials is commonly described using the inertial number (I) as a measure of their fluidity. As the ratio between the time of macroscopic deformation and the time of microscopic rearrangement, I depends on the shear strain rate within the medium, which can vary in space. With dry granular media being opaque, experimental measurements of the field of inertial numbers were mainly limited to two-dimensional (2D) observations along transparent walls in three-dimensional (3D) systems. This work addresses this gap using dynamic x-ray rheography of continuously flowing granular materials through an open channel conveyor belt setup. The granular medium is driven towards a perpendicular wall and forms a steady heap, for which the velocity field along the belt direction is measured in 3D. When used to estimate the shear strain rate, it is shown that, under the heap, a marked 3D pattern develops in the spatial distribution of I. The experimental findings are cross-validated with discrete element method simulations.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5107 Particle and high energy physics; 5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Divisions:	Computer Science and Mathematics
Publisher:	EDP Sciences
Date of acceptance:	13 August 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	4 December 2025
Date Deposited:	04 Dec 2025 12:07
Last Modified:	04 Dec 2025 13:41
DOI or ID number:	10.1051/epjconf/202534010022
Editors:	Alam, M, Das, SL, Bose, M, Murthy, TG, Chikkadi, V, Singh, A and Luding, S
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27664

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