Hayes, E, Alhulaefi, S, Siervo, M, Whyte, E, Kimble, R, Matu, J, Griffiths, A, Sim, M, Burleigh, M, Easton, C, Lolli, L, Atkinson, G, Mathers, JC and Shannon, OM Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207 (Accepted)

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Abstract

Purpose: Dietary nitrate supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reduces blood pressure (BP). Inter-individual differences in these responses are suspected but have not been investigated using robust designs, e.g., replicate crossover, and appropriate statistical models. We examined the within-individual consistency of the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and BP, and quantified inter-individual response differences. Methods: Fifteen healthy males visited the laboratory four times. On two visits, participants consumed 140ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~14.0mmol nitrate) and, on the other two visits, they consumed 140ml nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (~0.03mmol nitrate). Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured 2.5 hours post-supplementation. BP was measured pre- and 2.5 hours post-supplementation. Between-replicate correlations were quantified for the placebo-adjusted post-supplementation plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and pre-to-post changes in BP. Within-participant linear mixed models (LLM) and a meta-analytic approach estimated participant-by-condition treatment response variability. Results: Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic (mean:-7mmHg, 95%CI: -3 to -11mmHg) and diastolic (mean:-6mmHg, 95%CI: -2 to -9mmHg) BP versus placebo. The LLM participant-by-condition interaction response variability was ±7mmHg (95%CI: 3 to 9mmHg) for systolic BP and consistent with the treatment effect heterogeneity =± 7mmHg (95%CI: 5 to 12mmHg) derived from the meta-analytic approach. The between-replicate correlations were moderate-to-large for plasma nitrate, nitrite and systolic BP (r=0.55 to 0.91). Conclusions: The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and systolic BP varied significantly from participant to participant. The causes of this inter-individual variation deserve further investigation.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Requested AAM KJ 10/2/25
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics; Nutrition & Dietetics; 3210 Nutrition and dietetics; 4202 Epidemiology
Subjects:	T Technology > TX Home economics > TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Springer
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	10 Feb 2025 12:14
Last Modified:	10 Feb 2025 12:15
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/25581

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